Lightweight Cryptographic S-Boxes Based on Efficient Hardware Structures for Block Ciphers

Rashidi, Bahram

doi:10.22042/isecure.2022.275268.646

Lightweight Cryptographic S-Boxes Based on Efficient Hardware Structures for Block Ciphers

Document Type : Research Article

Author

Bahram Rashidi

Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Deptartment of Electrical Engineering, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22042/isecure.2022.275268.646

Abstract

In this paper, we present four low-cost substitution boxes (S-boxes) including two 4-bit S-boxes called S1 and S2 and two 8-bit S-boxes called SB₁ and SB₂, which are suitable for the development of lightweight block ciphers. The 8-bit SB₁ S-box is constructed based on four 4-bit S-boxes, multiplication by constant 0x2 in the finite field F_2⁴ , and field addition operations. Also, the proposed 8-bit S-box SB₂ is composed of five permutation blocks, two 4-bit S-boxes S₁ and one 4-bit S-box S₂, multiplication by constant 0x2, and addition operations in sequence. The proposed structures of the S-box are simple and low-cost. These structures have low area and low critical path delay. The cryptographic strength of the proposed S-boxes is analyzed by studying the properties of S-box such as Nonlinearity, Differential uniformity (DU), Strict avalanche criterion (SAC), Algebraic degree (AD), Differential approximation probability (DAP), and Linear approximation probability (LAP) in SAGE. The hardware results, in 180 nm CMOS technology, show the proposed S-boxes are comparable in terms of security properties, area, delay, and area×delay with most of the famous S-boxes.

Keywords

Substitution Box (S-Box)

Block Cipher

Lightweight

High-Throughput

ASIC

20.1001.1.20082045.2023.15.1.7.4

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