Iranian Society of Cryptology The ISC International Journal of Information Security 2008-2045 11 3 2019 08 01 Considering Uncertainty in Modeling Historical Knowledge 59 65 90787 10.22042/isecure.2019.11.0.8 EN Fairouz Zendaoui Laboratoire de la Communication dans les Systémes Informatiques, Ecole nationale Supérieure d’Informatique, BP 68M,16309, Oued-Smar, Alger, Algérie. Walid Khaled Hidouci Laboratoire de la Communication dans les Systémes Informatiques, Ecole nationale Supérieure d’Informatique, BP 68M,16309, Oued-Smar, Alger, Algérie. Journal Article 2019 07 15 Simplifying and structuring qualitatively complex knowledge, quantifying it in a certain way to make it reusable and easily accessible are all aspects that are not new to historians. Computer science is currently approaching a solution to some of these problems, or at least making it easier to work with historical data. In this paper, we propose a historical knowledge representation model taking into consideration the quality of imperfection of historical data in terms of uncertainty. To do this, our model design is based on a multilayer approach in which we distinguish three informational levels: information, source, and belief whose combination allows modeling and modulating historical knowledge. The basic principle of this model is to allow multiple historical sources to represent several versions of the history of a historical event with associated degrees of belief. In our model, we differentiated three levels of granularity (attribute, object, relation) to express belief and defined 11 degrees of uncertainty in belief. The proposed model can be the object of various exploitations that fall within the historian’s decision-making support for the plausibility of the history of historical events. https://www.isecure-journal.com/article_90787_7c8a5b69351aa9c8b4c39e29721fd7dc.pdf